Post-migration stress and trauma impact the way Latino/a immigrants in the USA experience everyday life. So, in conclusion, it can be speculated that mood swings cause memory encoding problems that the sleep spindles waves cannot handle. However, schizophrenia patients commonly have sleep disturbances and significantly reduce spindles and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Studies collected in the field of PTSD suggest that sleep spindles can alleviate mood.

In contrast, sleep spindles play a vital role in sensory processing and long-term memory consolidation. Hippocampal deficits are also found in schizophrenia, and some studies suggest that the hippocampus is the central core of the neuropathology of schizophrenia. The leading cause of traumatic memory flashbacks is the inability to store certain representations of the traumatic event in the hippocampus due to deficits in the hippocampus. Since studying psychiatric disorders, Clinicians have observed and reported the abnormal nature of the presence of traumatic memories and the main symptoms they cause in PTSD, an essential aspect of which is memory encoding. These formulations have implications for both the psychotherapy and the pharmacotherapy of PTSD. The effectiveness of this inhibition depends, in part, on physiological arousal and neurohormonal activity. Cortical activity can inhibit the expression of these subcortically based emotional memories. Animal research suggests that intense emotional memories are processed outside of the hippocampally mediated memory system and are difficult to extinguish. The inability of people with PTSD to integrate traumatic experiences and their tendency, instead, to continuously relieve the past are mirrored physiologically and hormonally in the misinterpretation of innocuous stimuli as potential threats. Although memory is ordinarily an active and constructive process, in PTSD failure of declarative memory may lead to organization of the trauma on a somatosensory level (as visual images or physical sensations) that is relatively impervious to change. Continued physiological hyperarousal and altered stress hormone secretion affect the ongoing evaluation of sensory stimuli as well. Intense emotions at the time of the trauma initiate the long-term conditional responses to reminders of the event, which are associated both with chronic alterations in the physiological stress response and with the amnesias and hypermnesias characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Ever since people's responses to overwhelming experiences have been systematically explored, researchers have noted that a trauma is stored in somatic memory and expressed as changes in the biological stress response.

The body keeps the score